Basics of Internet
Day 5: 6th
April,2020
Packet Switching:
A piece of a message transmitted over a packet –switching network. The
message gets cut into small data, these small data is nothing but packets.
These packets are sent from the computer (source) and they travel
through the network.
Each packet may go a different route from the other packets.
Data travels across the internet, each packet may contain 1500 bytes.
Every packet will contain a header and a footer.
PSN (Packet Switched Network)
What is Latency?
In a computer networking, which explains about the speed about internet.
How much time it takes for a data to travel from one computer to destination
computer. It is measured by Round Trip time (RTT)
Bandwidth: which describes the maximum data transfer rate of internet
connection. How much data can be sent over a specific connection. Measured by MBPS.
What is WEB?
Www-> World Wide Web—short cut Web.
It is a collection of different web site can be accessed through the
Internet.
Web site: It is made with related text, images, videos, and other
resources which can be deployed in a server, so that that website can be
accessed by other users over the network. Once you are connected to the
internet, we can access and view websites using a type of application, through
web browser.
How does the Internet works?
We can connect the internet through :
1.
Physical cables (2.) Fiber optics (3.) 3G/4G/5G
(4.)Wifi (5.) Radio (6) TV Cables…
When you type a website, which sends a request over these network to
server.
A server is where websites are stored, once the request comes to the
server, the server retrieves the website and sends the response back to the user
computer. This is called response to the user. This all happens in a few
seconds.
Internet Protocol: (IP)
The internet protocol (IP) is a method by which data is sent from one
computer to another computer over the network(internet).
IP is connectionless protocol
Functions of Protocols:
The protocol is responsible for addressing host systems, the packets’d
data is encapsulated into datagrams and routing datagrams from one source host
to destination host across IP Network.
Datagram means: The unit of data, transmitted in a TCP/IP network. Every
data gram will contain source address, destination address along with
encapsulated data.
Protocol means: which is language between clients web browser and
servers.
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)Protocol:
Communication between clients and servers is done by request and
response:
1.
A user types the website name in the browser, it will
goes to server. This is nothing but a HTTP Request to the web.
2.
A web server receives this request, sends back to the
related application to client is called HTTP Response (output)
3.
The client (the browser) receives the response.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator):
A url is used to uniquely identify a resource over the web.
Sytax: protocol://hostname:port no/path-and filename
Example:
ftp://.....
mailto:.....
telnet://www.....
Whenever you enter a URL in the browser address bar, the browser
translates the URL into a request according to the specific protocol, and sends
the request to the server.
HTTP request methods:
GET: it is HTTP request method. A user/client can use this GET Request
method to get the output from the server.
POST: Used to post the data to the web server. It is often used when
uploading a file or submitting the form to the web.
DELETE
TRACE
PUT
CONNECT
….
DNS (Domain Name Server)
An Internet service that translates domain names into
IP Addresses. Domain names are alphabets names, they’re easier to remember but
web server, totally based on IP addresses.
HTML: (Hyper Text Mark Up Language)
It allows the user to create websites, in the form of
paragraphs, heading, links…etc.
HTML is not a programming language, meaning it doesn’t
have the ability to create dynamic functionality. Which makes the format documents,
like MS-Word.
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